Syntax of c

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Last Updated on: 22nd Jan 2025 23:31:07 PM

Basic Syntax of C:

Key Components:

• Header Files: These files contain pre-written code for common tasks. Think of them as libraries. For example, <stdio.h> (Standard Input/Output) provides functions like printf() (for printing to the console) and scanf() (for reading input). You include them using #include <filename.h>.

• Semicolon (;): In C, every statement (a complete instruction) must end with a semicolon. It's like a period at the end of a sentence in English. For example:

int x = 10; // This is a statement
printf("Hello\n"); // Another statement

• Case Sensitivity: C is case-sensitive. This means myVariable, MyVariable, and myvariable are treated as three different variables. This is a crucial point to remember to avoid errors.

• Comments: Comments are used to explain your code. The compiler ignores them. They are essential for making your code readable and understandable, both for yourself and others.

• Single-line comments: Use // to comment out a single line. Everything after // on that line is ignored.

• int age = 30; // This line declares an integer variable named age

• Multi-line comments: Use /* to begin a multi-line comment and */ to end it. Everything between these markers is ignored, even if it spans multiple lines.

• /* This is a
     multi-line
     comment. */

Structure of a C Program :

1. #include <stdio.h>   // Includes standard library for input/output
   
   int main() {          // Entry point of the program
       // Code goes here
       return 0;         // Indicates successful execution
   }

   Example Program: Displaying Variables

2. #include <stdio.h>
   
   int main() {
       int age = 25;           // Declaring an integer variable
       float salary = 50000.5; // Declaring a float variable
   
       printf("Age: %d\n", age);         // %d is used for integers
       printf("Salary: %.2f\n", salary); // %.2f is used for floating-point numbers
   
       return 0;
   }

    

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